水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)是一(yi)種(zhong)能沿固定方向(xiang)插(cha)入(ru)并且可以自動(dong)防止脫落的(de)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器。因為(wei)(wei)(wei)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)器外表晶(jing)瑩透(tou)亮,所(suo)以俗稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)”。行業內將用來(lai)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)網絡的(de)水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“RJ45”,用來(lai)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)電(dian)話的(de)水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“RJ11”。這兩(liang)種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)也是我們生活中(zhong)最常見的(de)水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou),一(yi)個(ge)用于電(dian)話(模擬信號(hao)),一(yi)個(ge)用于網絡(數字信號(hao)),兩(liang)種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)不(bu)可交換使用。下面就為(wei)(wei)(wei)大家介紹(shao)兩(liang)種(zhong)水(shui)(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)(tou)為(wei)(wei)(wei)什么不(bu)能混用。
RJ45水(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)是布線系(xi)統中信(xin)(xin)息插座連接器的一種(zhong),RJ45水(shui)晶(jing)頭(tou)有8個(ge)凹槽和(he)8個(ge)觸點(如圖),表示(shi)為(wei)8P8C。RJ45主要用(yong)于數字終端設(she)備(電(dian)腦網(wang)卡、以(yi)太網(wang)網(wang)卡)和(he)數字通信(xin)(xin)設(she)備(交(jiao)換機)。TIA/EIA標準將RJ45與雙絞(jiao)線端接的線序分為(wei)T568A和(he)T568B兩種(zhong)標準,為(wei)達到最佳的兼容性,現在布線大多采用(yong)的是T568B。

RJ11水(shui)晶(jing)頭是(shi)現在(zai)通用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬信號電話連(lian)(lian)接器,最(zui)早(zao)是(shi)由美國(guo)西(xi)部(bu)電子(zi)公司開(kai)發(fa)的(de)(de)(de)一種接插件的(de)(de)(de)通用(yong)(yong)名(ming)稱。RJ11的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)晶(jing)頭有6個(ge)凹槽,比RJ45要少(shao)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)。由于(yu)RJ11在(zai)通用(yong)(yong)綜(zong)合布(bu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)標(biao)準中(zhong)未提及,現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)叫(jiao)法比較混亂。當(dang)6個(ge)凹槽(表(biao)示(shi)為6P6C,也(ye)叫(jiao)做RJ14)全部(bu)占用(yong)(yong)時,用(yong)(yong)于(yu)通信模(mo)塊(kuai)之(zhi)間(jian)連(lian)(lian)接,目(mu)前應用(yong)(yong)較少(shao);占用(yong)(yong)四(si)個(ge)凹槽(表(biao)示(shi)為6P4C,也(ye)叫(jiao)做RJ25)時,常(chang)被(bei)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)集團電話之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接,搭配的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)纜顏色為黑、紅(hong)、綠、黃(huang)。占用(yong)(yong)兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)槽位(表(biao)示(shi)為6P2C)則用(yong)(yong)于(yu)普通的(de)(de)(de)電話之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)連(lian)(lian)接,是(shi)現目(mu)前最(zui)常(chang)見的(de)(de)(de)模(mo)擬電話接口。目(mu)前并無成文的(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準規范RJ11的(de)(de)(de)線(xian)(xian)(xian)序,只(zhi)要保持同一跳線(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)RJ11水(shui)晶(jing)頭線(xian)(xian)(xian)序一致即可。

上面介紹(shao)了(le)RJ45和RJ11的(de)線序和應用,下面繼續介紹(shao)水晶頭內導體的(de)材質(zhi)和水晶頭的(de)材質(zhi)。
導(dao)體材質
用于水晶頭內的(de)金屬導體材質(zhi)有(you)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(BC)、鍍錫銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(TC)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包鋼(CS)、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包鋁(CCA)和(he)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)包鋁鎂(mei)(CCAM)等(deng);在(zai)這么多(duo)的(de)材料中只有(you)純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)是符合(he)各類綜(zong)合(he)布線(xian)的(de)標準,主要原(yuan)因是純(chun)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)電阻小。在(zai)實際的(de)應用中會在(zai)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)表面鍍鎳或者鍍金以防止(zhi)銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)氧(yang)化(hua)的(de)同(tong)時(shi)并(bing)增強銅(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)硬度
外殼材質(zhi)
非屏蔽的(de)水晶頭常見的(de)材料(liao)就是PC和PE。屏蔽的(de)水晶頭會在(zai)PC材料(liao)外加上一層金屬(多為鋅合金)外殼(ke)。
水晶頭在制(zhi)作(zuo)為跳線時分(fen)為注塑、壓接和免打三種(zhong)方式。
注塑水晶頭
注塑(su)水晶(jing)頭(tou)是通(tong)過注塑(su)機一(yi)次將水晶(jing)頭(tou)和銅纜連接(jie)在一(yi)起,注塑(su)的網線都(dou)是固定長(chang)度(du)的,其長(chang)度(du)不可更(geng)改。
壓接水晶頭
壓接水(shui)晶頭(tou)一(yi)般是用(yong)在工(gong)程施工(gong)過程中,將線(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)已經布完(wan)成(cheng)之后在進行加頭(tou),通(tong)過壓接制成(cheng)的網線(xian)(xian)(xian)也可(ke)以加上(shang)對應的尾套來保護線(xian)(xian)(xian)纜(lan)。七類(lei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)使用(yong)壓接的水(shui)晶頭(tou)時比(bi)普(pu)通(tong)的水(shui)晶頭(tou)多(duo)了(le)一(yi)個排線(xian)(xian)(xian)器,主要(yao)原(yuan)因(yin)是因(yin)為(wei)七類(lei)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯較粗,銅(tong)纜(lan)不是平鋪于水(shui)晶頭(tou)類(lei),而是上(shang)下交錯(cuo)的。
免(mian)打(da)水晶頭
免(mian)打水(shui)晶(jing)(jing)與(yu)壓接的(de)水(shui)晶(jing)(jing)相比多了一個(ge)接線(xian)(xian)(xian)器(qi)(qi)(排線(xian)(xian)(xian)器(qi)(qi)),在使用時參(can)照線(xian)(xian)(xian)序將線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin)放(fang)入接線(xian)(xian)(xian)器(qi)(qi)后(hou)減掉(diao)多余線(xian)(xian)(xian)芯(xin),把接線(xian)(xian)(xian)器(qi)(qi)放(fang)入水(shui)晶(jing)(jing)頭內(nei)部后(hou)合(he)上水(shui)晶(jing)(jing)頭外蓋(gai)即可。需注意的(de)是,免(mian)打多用于(yu)適配七類線(xian)(xian)(xian)纜。